Although many theories have been put forward about the origin of Igbo people, some claimed that the Igbos migrated from Western part of Africa.  However, from available evidence such as population density, language diversity or even botanical (Forest Conservation) and Archaeological research suggest, that the Igbos and their forbearers have lived in much their present homes from the dawn of human history.

The traditional homeland of the lgbo people lies in the south-eastern region of Nigeria.  The geographical location of Igboland lies between the great River Niger and Cross Rivers State, with the Ibibio, Ijo, Igala, Idoma, and Edo as their neighbours. The ancient settlement at Igbo-Ukwu in Eastern Nigeria was an outpost for West African's long-distance trade routes, one of which was the Trans-Saharan trade routes. The main items traded were gold, slaves, salt, cowry shells (the major unit of currency). Others are weapons, expensive clothes, pepper, ivory, kola nuts and leather goods.